title

Study of osteological samples of mammals: key craniometric characters

author(s)

Zagorodniuk, I.

affiliation

Taras Shevchenko Luhansk National University (Luhansk, Ukraine)

bibliography

Proceedings of the Theriological School. 11 (2012): 16–32

DOI

language

Ukrainian, with English extended summary, titles of tables, captures to figs, and references

abstract

Generalized scheme for description of craniometric characters of mammals is presented, with detailed analysis of each group of signs (overall, braincase, rostrum, and mandible). Unified system of acronyms for designation of measurements is proposed and applied. Partial schemes are presented, separately for each typical representative of main orders known in the fauna of Ukraine: rodents (Sylvaemus), bats (Eptesicus), insectivores (Crocidura), carnivores (Mustela), ungulates (Capreolus). All partial schemes are illustrated by photos with designations of key points for measurements. Each partial scheme includes about 15–20 metric features. Problems of “excess”, small-sized and group-specific features as well as size of samples are discussed. The application of description of craniometric variation was considered: diagnostics of closed species, differentiation of age and sex groups, analysis of geographic variation, growth changes of features, study of evolutional and ecomorphological differentiation of species etc.

keywords

craniology, morphometry, study of variability, closed species, mammals.

references

Adams, D. C., Rohlf, F. J., Slice, D. E. 2004. Geometric morphometrics: Ten years of progress following the "revolution". Italian Journal of Zoology, 71 (1): 5–16. https://doi.org/10.1080/11250000409356545
Bachanek, J., Postawa, T. 2010. Morphological evidence for hybridization in the sister species Myotis myotis and Myotis oxygnathus (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae) in the Carpathian Basin. Acta Chiropterologica, 12 (2): 439–448. https://doi.org/10.3161/150811010X538007
Benda, P., Karatas, A. 2005. On some Mediterranean populations of bats of the Myotis mystacinus morpho-group (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae). Lynx (Praha), n. s., 36: 9–38.
Danilkin, A. A., Markov, G. G., Shubbe, K. et al. 1992. Variability and taxonomy. In: Sokolov, V. E. (ed.). European and Siberian Roe Deer: Systematics, Ecology, Behavior, Rational Use and Protection. Nauka Press, Moskva, 22–63. (In Russian)
Dykyy, I. V., Zatushevsky, A. T., Lesnik, V. V. et al. 2012. Measurement of Vertebrates: Methodological Recomendations for Laboratory Lessons to Students of Specialization in Biology and Ecology. Ivan Franko Lviv University, Lviv, 1–40. (In Ukrainian)
Dzeverin, I., Ghazali, M. 2010. Evolutionary mechanisms affecting the multivariate divergence in some Myotis species (Chiroptera, Vespertilionidae). Evol. Biol., 37: 100–112. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11692-010-9086-3
Egorov, Yu. E. 1983. Mechanisms of Divergence. Nauka Press, Moskva, 1–172. (In Russian)
Efimov, V. M., Kovaleva, V. Yu. 2008. Multivariate Analysis of Biological Data. Textbook (Second corrected and supplementary edition). Saint-Petersburg, 1–87. (In Russian)
Emelyanov, I. G., Zhezherin, I. V. 1990. Diagnostics of the lesser and bicolored white-toothed shrews (Soricidae). Vestnik Zoologii, 24 (4): 39–46. (In Russian)
Erfurt, J. 2003. Bestimmung von Saugetierschadeln in Fraresten und Gewollen. Methoden feldokol. Saugetierforsch., 2: 471–535.
Ghazali, M. A. 2004. Functional interpretation of differences in the structure of masticatory apparatus of the mouse-eared bat species, Myotis myotis and Myotis blythii. Vestnik Zoologii, 38 (2): 39–44. (In Ukrainian)
Gol’din, P. E. 2007. Growth, proportions and variation of the skull of harbour porpoises (Phocoena phocoena) from the Sea of Azov. J. Mar. Biol. Ass. U.K., 87: 271–292. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0025315407054458
Hrabe, V. 1976. Variation in cranial measurements of Erinaceus concolor (Insectivora, Mammalia). Zool. listy, 25 (4): 315–326.
Lashkova, E. I., Mezhzherin, S. V., Dzeverin, I. I. 2005. Identification of species of forest mice of the fauna of Ukraine in terms of exterior and cranial characters using multidimensional analysis methods. Vestnik Zoologii, 39 (3): 23–28. (In Russian)
Migulin, O. O. 1938. Mammals of the Ukrainian SSR (Materials to the Fauna). Publishing House of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Kyiv, 1–426. (In Ukrainian)
Mitteroecker, P., Gunz, P. 2009. Advances in geometric morphometrics. Evol. Biol., 36: 235–247. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11692-009-9055-x
Moska, M., Pasko, L. 2006. Morphometric variation between karyological categories of the common shrew (Sorex araneus) in the Legucki Mlyn. Popielno hybrid zone. EJPAU (Electronic Journal of the Polish Agricultural Universities), 9 (1): Art. No. 09.
Niethammer, J., Krapp, F. (eds). 1982. Handbuch der Saugetiere Europas. Bd. 2/1. Nagetiere. 2. Acad. Verlag. Wiesbaden, 1–649.
Pavlinov, I. Ya. 2000. Geometric morphometry of the skull shape of the mouse-like rodents (Mammalia: Rodentia): the relationship of the shape of the skull with food specialization. Journal of General Biology, 61 (6): 583–600. (In Russian)
Pavlinov, I. Ya., Mikeshina, N. G. 2002. Principles and methods of geometric morphometry. Journal of General Biology, 63 (6): 473–493. (In Russian)
Peskov, V. N. 1990. Comparative study of the morphofunctional constitution of the skull in the systematics of mammals. Vestnik Zoologii,No. 4: 58–64. (In Russian)
Peskov, V. N., Sinyavskaya, I. A., Emelyanov, I. G. 2012. Interrelations between different forms of group variability of quantitative traits in Microtus socialis (Cricetidae, Mammalia) in the peak phase of population abundance. Vestnik Zoologii, 46 (5): 22–28 (445–451. https://doi.org/10.2478/v10058-012-0036-7
Sokolov, V. E., Markov, G. G., Danilkin, A. A. et al. 1985. About the species status of the European (Capreolus capreolus L.) and Siberian (Capreolus pygargus Pall.) roe deer (craniometric study). Reports of the USSR Academy of Sciences, 280 (6): 1505–1509. (In Russian)
Tatarinov, K. A. 1956. Mammals of the Western Regions of Ukraine. Kyiv, 1–188. (In Ukrainian).
Thompson d'Arcy, W. 1917. On Growth and Form. Cambridge, London, 1–793. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.11332
Tulikova, N. V., Kaleda, L. B. 1957. Determination of the age of rodents. Fauna and Ecology of Rodents. Issue 5. MSU Publishing House, Moscow, 119–154.
Varshavsky, S. N., Krylova, K. T. 1948. Basic principles of determining the age of mouse-like rodents. 1. Mice (Murinae). Fauna and Ecology of Rodents. Issue 3. USSR Academy of Sciences Publishing House. Moscow, 179–190. (In Russian)
Vinogradov, B. S. 1921. Growth process and age-dependent variability of the skull Arvicolidae. Izvestiya of the Petrograd Regional Plant Protection Station Against Pests. Petrograd, 3: 71–81. (In Russian)
Vinogradov, B. S. 1946. On the question of the morphological divergence of closely related forms of mammals. Proceedings of the Zoological Institute of the USSR Academy of Sciences, 8: 89–104. (In Russian)
Wayne, R. K. 1986. Cranial morphology of domestic and wild canids: the influence of development on morphological change. Evolution, 40 (2): 243–261. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1558-5646.1986.tb00467.x
Yablokov, A. V. 1966. Variability of Mammals. Nauka, Moscow, 1–363.
Zagorodnyuk, I. V. 1989. Taxonomy, distribution and morphological variation of the Terricola voles in, East Europe. Vestnik Zoologii, 23 (5): 3–14. (In Russian)
Zagorodnyuk, I. V. 1991. Polytypic Arvicolidae of Eastern Europe: Taxonomy, Distribution, Diagnostics. Inst. Zool. UkrAS. Kyiv, Preprint No. 10.91, 1–64. (In Russian)
Zagorodnyuk, I. V., Vorontsov, N. N., Peskov, V. N. 1992. Tatra vole (Terricola tatricus) in the Eastern Carpathians. Zoologicheskii Zhurnal, 71 (6): 96–105. (In Russian)
Zagorodnyuk, I. V., Fedorchenko, A. A. 1993. Mice of the genus Sylvaemus in the Lower Danube Region. Communication 1. Taxonomy and diagnostics. Vestnik Zoologii, 27 (3): 41–49. (In Russian)
Zagorodniuk, I. 1998. Defining dictionary of cranial diagnostic features of bats. European Bat Night '98 in Ukraine. Kyiv, 173–179. (Proceedings of the Theriological School; Vol. 1). (In Ukrainian)
Zagorodniuk, I. V., Kavun, K. Yu. 2000. Age variation as basis of formation of interspecies differences in rodents (Muriformes). Reports of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, No. 3: 174–180. (In Ukrainian)
Zagorodniuk, I. V. 2001. Nomenclature and system of genus Arvicola. In: Pantelejev, P. A. (ed.). The Water Vole. Mode of the Species. Nauka, Moskwa, 174–192. (In Russian)
Zagorodniuk, I. 2002. Allospecies of the roe deer (Capreolus): nature of differences between them and status of populations from Ukraine. Visnyk of the Luhansk Pedagogical University. Biological Sciences. No. 1 (45): 206–222. (In Ukrainian)
Zagorodniuk, I. V. 2002. Taxonomic revision and diagnostics of the rodent genus Mus from Eastern Europe. Communication 2. Visti Biosphere reserve “Askania-Nova”, 4: 130–140. (In Russian)
Zagorodniuk, I. 2004. Levels of morphological differentiation in closed species of mammals and the concept of hiatus. Visnyk of the Lviv University. Series Biology, 38: 21–42. (In Ukrainian, with summary in English)
Zagorodniuk, І. V. 2005. Regularities of the development of a geographical variation in sibling complexes of mammals (by the example of genus Sylvaemus). Reports of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, № 9: 171–180. (In Ukrainian).
Zagorodniuk, І. V., Atamas, N. S. 2005. A morphological differentiation of hamsters (Cricetidae) from the East Europe: the diagnostic weight of signs and the pattern of taxonomic relations. Reports of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, No. 4: 153–160. (In Russian)
Zagorodniuk, I. 2007. Conflict through coincidence of niches in sibling species: estimation using Hutchinsonian ratio. Scientific Bulletin of the Uzhgorod University. Series Biology, 20: 5–13. (In Ukrainian).
Zagorodniuk, I. 2007. Coordinated genetic, biogeographical and morphological differentiation in evolutionary young species: analysis of the group Microtus “arvalis” (Mammalia). Reports of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, No. 3: 175–181. (In Ukrainian)
Zagorodniuk, I., Postawa, T. 2007. Spatial and ecomorphological divergence of Plecotus sibling species (Mammalia) in sympatry zone in Eastern Europe. Proceedings of the State Nat. Hist. Museum. Lviv., 23: 215–224.
Zagorodniuk, I. 2008. Sibling and morphologically closed species of mammals in collections of zoological museum: main results and prospects of investigations. In: Skilsky, I. (ed.). Modern museums. Scientific and exposition work (Proceedings of Scientific conference in the Chernivtsi Regional Museum, 15.05.2008). DruckArt, Chernivtsi, 25–34. (In Ukrainian)
Zagorodniuk, I., Emelyanov, I. 2008. Cryptic diversity of mammals in Eastern Europe as reflection of variety of species phenomena. Scientific Bulletin of the Uzhgorod University. Series Biology, 22: 166–178. (In Ukrainian)
Zagorodniuk, I. 2009. Regularities in size differentiation of species and sexes from multispecies guild (example with genus Mustela). Proceedings of the State Natural History Museum (Lviv), 25: 251–266. (In Ukrainian)
Zagorodniuk, I. 2011. Distinctness between closed mammal species: topography of ecomorphological features of skull. Zoocenosis 2011: Biodiversity and Role of Animals in Ecosystems: VІ International Conference. Dnipropetrovsk University Press, Dnipropetrovsk, 256–259. (In Ukrainian)
Zagorodniuk, I. 2011. Interspecies hybridization and factors of its formation in the East-European mammalian fauna. Studia Biologica, 5 (2): 173–210. (In Ukrainian) https://doi.org/10.30970/sbi.0502.160
Zaitsev, M. V. 1982. Geographic variability of craniological characters and some questions of taxonomy of hedgehogs of the subgenus Erinaceus (Mammalia, Erinaceinae). Proceedings of the Zoological Institute of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR, 115: 92–117. (In Russian)