abstract |
The article
presents the results of an analytical review of
general laws of nature development and their relationships
with the laws of biological evolution in terms of
general theory of systems and their synergetic manifestation
at different levels of organization. The basis of
such analysis is the interpretation of the species
as a system, as a structure with self-organizing
and complicating abilities, as well as a unit of
evolutionary diversity and taxonomy. At the same
time, as a system, the species occupies an appropriate
position in system subordination, in the hierarchy
of biological evolution, and in systems of taxonomic
division and phylogeny. Its synergistic connections
in the system characterize its complexity, functionality,
self-organization, and alternative development,
which is manifested through saltation, relative
balance and constant absorption of energy to organize
chaos as a source of order. These characteristics
accompany the non-integrated development of biological
systems as open and unbalanced by intraspecific
polymorphism. Analytical delineation of the species
as a system within a system involves defining it
as a structure, an element, and a carrier of properties
and functions at different organizational (ontogenetic,
biocoenotic, and evolutionary) levels of biological
systems. |
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