general info about Theriologia Ukrainica

Novitates Theriologicae

ISSN 2709-491X (print) • ISSN 2709-4928 (online)

2021 • Vol. 12 • Contents of volume >>>


 

bibliography

download pdfPavlinov, I. Ya. 2021. Conceptualization of the species problem. Novitates Theriologicae, 12: 69–85. http://doi.org/10.53452/nt1216

   

title

Conceptualization of the species problem

author(s)

Igor Pavlinov (Research Zoological Museum at Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow)
orcid: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1461-1884

abstract

The species problem is understood as a result of the contradiction between aspiration and inability to reduce diversity of species conceptions (SCs) to a single one. Any SC represents the natural spe-cies phenomenon in a certain cognitive situation and serves as a heuristic model of this phenomenon in the latter. SCs of various levels of generality emerge as a result of sequential multiple reduction cascade; the more reduction steps lead to a particular SC, the less it is adequate to the natural species phenomenon. The entire array of SCs can be represented by a conceptual pyramid, within which various SCs occur as particular interpretations of more general (inclusive) concepts and have no sense without contexts imposed by them. It is suggested that, in order to define natural “species in general,” a certain concept of biota should be fixed at the top of conceptual pyramid allowing to dis-tinguish between species and non-species (such as life form, syntaxa, guilds) phenomena. The on-tology of the natural species phenomenon is presumably determined by its essence, viz. species-hood. The latter is a part of the entire natural history of organisms, so its manifestations are group-specific and evolve with the evolutionary development of the structure of biota.

language

English

   

references

Amitani, Y. 2015. Prototypical reasoning about species and the species problem. Biological Theory, 10 (4): 289–300.
Amitani, Y. 2017. The general concept of species. The Journal of Philosophical Ideas, Spec. Iss.: 89–120.
Andino, R., E. Domingo. 2015. Viral quasispecies. Virology, 479–480: 46–51.
Atran, S. 1987. Origin of the species and genus concepts: an anthropological perspective. Journal of the History of Biology, 20 (2): 195–279.
Balme, D. M. 1962. ????? and ????? in Aristotle’s biology. Classical Quarterly, 12 (1): 81–98.
Barker, M. J. 2019. Eliminative pluralism and integrative alternatives: The case of species. The British Journal for the Philosophy of Science, 70 (3): 657–681.
Bartlett, S. J. 2015. The species problem and its logic. https://bit.ly/3fABYsl
Berlin, B., D. E. Breedlove, P. H. Raven. 1973. General principles of classification and nomenclature in folk biology. American Anthropologist, 75 (1): 214–242.
Brasier, C. M. 1997. Fungal species in practice: identifying species units in fungi. Ed. M. F. Claridge, H. A. Dawah, M. R. Wilson, Species: The units of biodiversity. Chapman & Hall, London, 135–170.
Brooks, D. R., E. O. Wiley 1986. Evolution as entropy. Chicago, Univ. Chicago Press, 3–335.
Broughton, V. 2006. The need for a faceted classification as the basis of all methods of information retrieval. New Information Perspectives, 58 (1/2): 49–72.
Bzovy, J. 2016. Species Pluralism: Conceptual, ontological, and practical dimensions. PhD Thesis, Univ. Western Ontario. https://bit.ly/3vfjog2
Cain, A. J. 1954. Animal species and their evolution. Hutchinson, London, 3–210.
Carrier, M. 1994. The completeness of scientific theories. Kluwer Academic Publ., Dordrecht, 3–292.
Casiraghi, M., A. Galimberti, A. Sandionigi, et al. 2016. Life with or without names. Evolutionary Biology, 43 (4): 582–595.
Claridge, M. F., H. A. Dawah, M. R. Wilson. 1997. Practical approaches to species concepts for living organisms. Ed. M. F. Claridge, H. A. Dawah, M. R. Wilson, Species: The Units of Biodiversity, Chapman & Hall, London, 1–15.
Cracraft, J. 1989. Species as entities of biological theory. Ed. M. Ruse, What the philosophy of biology is: Essays dedicated to David Hull, Kluwer Academic Publ., Dordrecht, 31–52.
de Queiroz, K. 2005. Different species problems and their resolution. BioEssays, 27 (12): 1263–1269.
Devitt, M. 2008. Resurrecting biological essentialism. Philosophy of Science, 75 (3): 344–382.
Dillon, L. S. 1966. The life cycle of the species: an extension of current concepts. Systematic Zoology, 15 (1): 112–126.
Dobzhansky, T. 1970. Genetics of evolutionary process. Columbia Univ. Press, New York, 3–505.
Domingo, E. 2002. Quasispecies theory in virology. Journal of Virology, 76 (1): 463–465.
Dubois, A. 2011. Species and “strange species” in zoology: Do we need a “unified concept of species”? Comptes rendus de l'Academie des Sciences, Series IIA, Earth and Planetary Science, 10 (2–3): 77–94.
Dupre, J. 1999. On the impossibility of a monistic account of species. Ed. R. A. Wilson, Species: New interdisciplinary essays. MIT Press, Cambridge, 3–21.
Eigen, M. 1983. Viral quasispecies. Scientific American, 269 (1): 42–49.
Eldredge, N. 1985. Unfinished synthesis: Biological hierarchies and modern evolutionary thought. Oxford Univ. Press, New York, 3–256.
Ellis, B. 2001. Scientific essentialism. Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge, 3–309.
Ellis, M. 2011. The problem with the species problem. History & Philosophy of the Life Sciences, 33 (3): 343–363.
Ereshefsky, M. 1992. Eliminative pluralism. Philosophy of Science, 59 (4): 671–690.
Ereshefsky, M. 1998. Species pluralism and anti-realism. Philosophy of Science, 65 (1): 103–120.
Ereshefsky, M. 2009. Darwin’s solution to the species problem. Synthese, 175 (3): 405–425.
Ereshefsky, M. 2010. Microbiology and the species problem. Biology and Philosophy, 25 (4): 553–568.
Garnett, S.T., Christidis, L., Conix, S., et al. 2020. Principles for creating a single authoritative list of the world’s species. PLoS Biol 18 (7): e3000736.
Gardenfors, P. 2000. Conceptual spaces. MIT Press, Cambridge, 3–307.
Ghiselin, M. T. 1997. Metaphysics and the origin of species. State Univ. New York, New York, 3–377.
Griffiths, P. E. 1999. Squaring the circle: Natural kinds with historical essences. Ed. R. A. Wilson, Species: New interdisciplinary essays. The MIT Press, Cambridge, 209–228.
Haack, S. 1979. Epistemology with a knowing subject. Review of Metaphysics, 33 (2): 309–335.
Hawkins, H. L. 1935. The species problem. Nature 136: 574–575.
Hey, J. 2001a. Genes, categories, and species. The evolutionary and cognitive cause of the species problem. Oxford Univ. Press, New York, 3–217.
Hey, J. 2001b. The mind of the species problem. Trends in Ecology and Evolution, 16 (7): 326–329.
Hey, J., R. Waples, M. Arnold et al. 2003. Understanding and confronting species uncertainty in biolo-gy and conservation. Trends in Ecology and Evolution, 18 (11): 597–603.
Hull, D. L. 1997. The ideal species concept—and why we can’t get it. Ed. M. F. Claridge, A. H. Dawah, M. R. Wilson, Species. The units of biodiversity. Chapman & Hall, London, 357–380.
Hull, D. L. 1999. On the plurality of species: Questioning the party line. Ed. R. A. Wilson, Species: New interdisciplinary essays. MIT Press, Cambridge, 23–48.
Kitcher, P. 1984. Species. Philosophy of Science, 51 (2): 308–333.
Kosko, B. 1993. Fuzzy thinking: The new science of fuzzy logic. Hyperion, New York, 3–318.
Kunz, W. 2012. Do species exist? Principles of taxonomic classification. Wiley-VCH Verlag, & Co, Weinheim, 3–280.
Kwasnik, B. H. 2000. The role of classification in knowledge representation and discovery. The School of Information Studies: 147. http://surface.syr.edu/istpub/147.
LaPorte, J. 2017. Modern essentialism for species and its animadversions. Ed. R. Joyce, The Routledge handbook of evolution and philosophy, Routledge, New York, 182–193.
Maxwell, S. J., B. C. Congdon, T. L. Rymer. 2020. Essentialistic pluralism: The theory of spatio-temporal positioning of species using integrated taxonomy. Proceedings of the Royal Society of Queensland, 124 (1): 1–17.
Mayden, R. L. 1997. A hierarchy of species concepts: The denouement in the saga of the species prob-lem. Ed. M. F. Claridge, A. H. Dawah, and M. R. Wilson, Species. The units of biodiversity. Chap-man & Hall, London, 381–424.
Mayden, R. L. 1999. Consilience and a hierarchy of species concepts: Advances toward closure on the species puzzle. Journal of Nematology, 31 (2): 95–116.
Mayr, E. (ed.). 1957. The species problem. A symposium presented at the Atlanta meeting of the Amer-ican Association for the Advancement of Science, 28–29 Dec. 1955. American Association for the Advancement of Science, Washington, 3–395.
Mayr, E. 1963. Animal species and evolution. Harvard Univ. Press, Cambridge, 3–797.
Mikhailov, K. E. 2003. [Typological comprehension of “biological species”, and the way of stabilization of near-species taxonomy in birds.] Ornitologia, 30 (1): 9–24. (In Russian)
Minelli, A. 2020. Taxonomy needs pluralism, but a controlled and manageable one. Megataxa, 1 (1): 9–18.
Mishler, B. D. 2021. What, if anything, are species? CRC Press, Boca Raton, 3–168.
Mishler, B. D., M. J. Donoghue. 1982. Species concepts: A case for pluralism. Systematic Zoology, 31 (4): 491–503.
Morgun, D. V. 2002. [Epistemological foundations of the species problem in biology.] Moscow State Univ., Moscow, 1–104. (In Russian)
Nalimov, V.V. 1979. [A probabilistic model of language. On relation between natural and artificial languages.] Nauka, Moscow, 3–304. (In Russian)
Naomi, S.-I. 2011. On the integrated frameworks of species concepts: Mayden’s hierarchy of species concepts and de Queiroz’s unified concept of species. Journal of Zoological Systematics and Evolu-tionary Research, 49 (3): 177–184.
Nathan, M. J. 2017. Pluralism is the answer! What is the question? Philosophy, Theory, and Practice in Biology, 11 (1): 1–14.
Novick, A., W. F. Doolittle 2021. ‘Species’ without species. Studies in History and Philosophy of Science, 87 (1): 72–80.
Nowak, M. A. 1992. What is a quasispecies? Trends in Ecology and Evolution, 7 (4): 118–121.
Okasha, S. 2002. Darwinian metaphysics: species and the question of essentialism. Synthese, 131 (2): 191–213.
Parmasto, E. 1986. [Species problem in fungi.] Ed. E. Parmasto, [Species and genus problems in fungi]. Inst. of Zoology, Tallinn, 9–28. (In Russian)
Pavlinov, I. Ya. 1992. [If there is the biological species, or what is the “harm” of taxonomy.] Journal of General Biology, 53 (5): 757–767. (In Russian)
Pavlinov, I. Ya. 2009. [The species problem: Another look.] Ed. A. F. Alimov, S. D. Stepanyanz, [Spe-cies and speciation: An analysis of new views and trends]. Zoological Inst., St. Petersburg, 250–271. (In Russian)
Pavlinov, I. Ya. 2013a. The species problem: Why again? Еd. I. Ya. Pavlinov, The species problem: Ongoing issues. InTech Open Access Publ., Rijeka, 3–37.
Pavlinov, I. Ya. 2013b. The species problem: Ongoing issues. InTech Open Access Publ., Rijeka, 3–280.
Pavlinov, I. Ya. 2017. [The species problem in biology, its roots and present.] [Species concept in fungi: A new look at old problem], Proc. 8th Russian Mycological Conference. Moscow State Univ., Mos-cow, 5–19. (In Russian)
Pavlinov, I. Ya. 2018. [Foundations of biological systematics: Theory and history.] KMK Sci. Press, Moscow, 3–786. (In Russian)
Pavlinov, I. Ya. 2021. Biological systematics: history and theory. CRC Press, Boca Raton, 3–270.
Pedroso, M. 2012. Essentialism, history, and biological taxa. Studies in History and Philosophy of Science, Part C, Studies in History and Philosophy of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, 43 (1): 182–190.
Pfander, P. V. 2018. [Tragedy of near-species taxonomy.] Тhe Russian Journal of Ornithology, 27, Express Iss. 1558: 301–335. (In Russian)
Pleijel, F., G. W. Rouse. 2000. Least-inclusive taxonomic unit: A new taxonomic concept for biology. Proceedings of the Royal Society, Ser. B, 267 (1443): 627–630.
Poulton, E. B. 1904. What is a species? Proceedings of the Entomological Society of London (for 1903): lxxvii–cxvi.
Quine, W. V. 1969. Ontological relativity & other essays. Columbia Univ. Press, New York, 3–165.
Reydon, T. A. C. 2005. On the nature of the species problem and the four meanings of species. Studies in History and Philosophy of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, 36 (1): 135–158.
Reydon, T. A. C. 2019. Are species good units for biodiversity studies and conservation efforts? Ed. E. Casetta, J. Marquez da Silva, D. Vecchi, From Assessing to Conserving Biodiversity: Conceptual and Practical Challenges. Springer, Cham, 167–193.
Richards, R. A. 2010. The species problem: A philosophical analysis. Cambridge Univ. Press, Cam-bridge, 3–236.
Rieppel, O. 2010. New essentialism in biology. Philosophy of Science, 77 (5): 662–673.
Robson, G. C. 1928. The species problem: An introduction to the study of evolutionary divergence in natural populations. Oliver & Boyd, Edinburgh, 3–283.
Ruse, M. 1995. The species problem. Ed. G. Wolters, J. G. Lennox, Concepts, theories, and rationality in the biological sciences. Pittsburgh Univ. Press, Pittsburgh, 171–193.
Sankey, H. 1998. Taxonomic incommensurability. International Studies in the Philosophy of Science, 12 (1): 7–16.
Seifert, B. 2014. A pragmatic species concept applicable to all eukaryotic organisms independent from their mode of reproduction or evolutionary history. Soil Organisms, 86 (1): 85–93.
Sites, J. W., J. C. Marshall. 2004. Operational criteria for delimiting species. Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematic, 35: 199–227.
Skvortsov, A. K. 1967. [The main stages in the development of the concept of species.] Bulleten Mos-kovskogo obshestva ispytatelej prirody, Ser. Biol., 72 (1): 11–27. (In Russian)
Sluys, R. 1991. Species concepts, process analysis, and the hierarchy of nature. Experientia, 47 (11–12): 1162–1170.
Sober, E. 1980. Evolution, population thinking, and essentialism. Philosophy of Science, 47 (3): 350–383.
Stamos, D. N. 2003. The species problem. Biological species, ontology, and the metaphysics of biology. Lexington Books, Oxford, 3–380.
Stanford, P. K. 1995. For pluralism and against realism about species. Philosophy of Science, 62 (1): 70–91.
Sterelny, K. 1999. Species as ecological mosaics. Ed. R. A. Wilson, Species, new interdisciplinary essays. MIT Press, Cambridge, 119–138.
Swoyer, C. 2006. Conceptualism. Ed. E. S Trawson, A. Chakrabarti, Universals, concepts, and quali-ties: New essays on the meaning of predicates. CRC Press, Boca Raton, 127–154.
Toulmin, S. 1972. Human understanding: The collective use and evolution of concepts. Princeton Univ. Press, Princeton, 3–534.
Van Regenmortel, M. H. V. 1997. Viral species. Ed. M. F. Claridge, H. A. Dawah, M. R. Wilson, Species: The units of biodiversity. Chapman & Hall, London, 17–24.
Velichkovsky, B. M. 2006. [Cognitive science. Foundations of psychology of knowing.] Academia, Moscow, 3–448. (In Russian)
Volkova, E. V, A. I. Filyukov. 1966. [Philosophical issues of the species theory.] Nauka & Tekhnika, Minsk, 3–211. (In Russian)
Voyshvillo, E. K. 1989. [Concept as a form of thinking: Logical and epistemological analysis.] Mos-cow State Univ., Moscow, 3–239. (In Russian)
Wartofsky, M. W. 1979. Models: Representation and scientific understanding. Springer, Boston, 3–424.
Wheeler, Q. D., R. Meier (ed.). 2000. Species concepts and phylogenetic theory: A debate. Columbia Univ. Press, New York, 3–230.
Wilkins, J. S. 2006. The concept and causes of microbial species. History and Philosophy of Life Sci-ence, 28 (3): 389–408.
Wilkins, J. S. 2007. The dimensions, modes and definitions of species and speciation. Biology and Philosophy, 22 (2): 247–266.
Wilkins, J. S. 2009. Species: A history of the idea. Univ. California Press, Berkeley, 3–303.
Wilkins, J. S. 2018. The reality of species: real phenomena not theoretical objects. Ed. R. Joyce, Routledge Handbook of Evolution and Philosophy. Routledge, Abingdon, 167–181.
Williamson, T. 2000. Knowledge and its limits. Oxford Univ. Press, Oxford, 3–332.
Wilson, R. A. (ed.). 1999. Species: New interdisciplinary essays. MIT Press, Cambridge, 3–325.
Wilson, R. A., M. J. Barker, I. Brigandt. 2009. When traditional essentialism fails: Biological natural kinds. Philosophical Topics, 35 (1/2): 189–215.
Wood, L. 1940. The analysis of knowledge. Routledge, Abingdon, 3–274.
Yudin, E. G. 1997. [Methodology of science. Systemness. Activity.] Editorial URSS, Moscow, 3–391. (In Russian)
Zachos, F. E. 2016. Species concepts in biology. Historical development, theoretical foundations and practical relevance. Springer, Basel, 3–220.
Zavadsky, K. M. 1968. [Species and speciation.] Nauka, Leningrad, 3–396. (In Russian)

date

online: 16.06.2021 print: 16.06.2021


 


to main page of journal >>>

created: 16.06.2021
updated: 23.06.2021

Locations of visitors to this page